Friday, March 20, 2015

La Novia

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Por Eddy Aguilar Saba
La Novia
Una noche silenciosa Mauricio estaba en casa sin hacer nada, relajado en el mueble con el televisor prendido, un libro que dormía en su pecho y con la mirada penetrada en el techo blanco. Su mente del color del techo, y sus lentes redondos que se agarraban de sus labios para no caerse al suelo, volaba con mucha altura pero con un cierto vacío que hizo que Mauricio simplemente se perdiera en el infinito. En segundos, parte de su cerebro reacciona y de lejos escucha un sonido, parecía el sonido del timbre de un teléfono. Mientras el sonido se intensificaba, también se intensificaba su mente y de paso su cuerpo que parecía en estado anestésico. Mauricio al retomar sus cinco sentidos se levanta del sofá y corre hacia el teléfono. Alo !! Alo !! que pasó??
Laura había entrado a trabajar donde Mauricio pasaba todo el día en un escritorio pensando en el bienestar de los clientes. Laura una hermosa mujer, con una talla envidiable, una voz sensual, una sonrisa contagiante y una personalidad imposible de competir con nadie. Mauricio y Laura terminaron convirtiéndose en grandes amigos, una  amistad un poco mas allá que platónica. En solo días se convirtieron en mejores y grandes amigos. Cine, cafecitos, saliditas, amigos, llantos, dramas, llantos y mas dramas. Laura andaba enamorada y comprometida con unos de los hijos de uno de los hombres mas poderosos de la cuidad. Su compromiso y relación andaba viento en poca. Se conocieron mientras Laura experimentaba los mejores momentos de su carrera como modelo de pasarela. El amor entre ellos fue a primera vista. No podían separarse. Demasiado amor para mi gusto de acuerdo a Mauricio. El hijo del poderoso contra viento y marea se compromete con Laura. La aristocrática familia del hijo del poderoso, con una falsa sonrisa, acepta la felicidad del hijo y todo ya estaba casi listo para el evento del año. La boda. Reuniones sociales, carísimas invitaciones, chismes en la páginas sociales, fiestas en el club el polo, viajes de compras para el ajuar, sesiones de comportamiento y todo lo que la sociedad sofisticada exige antes de un matrimonio con alguien de sangre azul. Mientras tanto el hijo del poderoso se impone ante Laura para que deje las pasarelas y Laura acepta. ¿Como la novia del hijo de un poderoso va a ser una sencilla modelo?. Pero para no aburrirse Laura consigue un trabajo en una fabulosa y prestigiosa empresa donde conoce a Mauricio y bum. Como una explosión empieza la gran amistad con La Novia.
Mientras los medios sociales preparaban la alfombra roja de Laura, su belleza caía perfecta para los medios sociales y diseñadores exquisitos y también de paso para la prensa internacional.  El porte de la novia tenía a los medios embrujados. El novio nació en el jet-set del mundo financiero, sus buenos genes lo llevó a colocarse entre las mas finas filas de los solteros mas codiciados y guapos del mundo social. Una extraña noticia de los medios publica una extraña nota de una supuesta antigua relación de la novia. Una supuesta relación que no cayó bien a la sociedad ni tampoco al novio. La falsedad y la calumnia de los medios causó el impacto necesario para lograr el malévolo objetivo de quien estaba detrás de la calumnia mas grande del mundo. A exactamente dos semanas antes de la gran boda, la bomba atómica cae al fantástico mundo de los novios. La presión de los medios, de la sofisticada y falsa sonrisa de la familia del novio, pusieron a prueba el amor de la novia, y esa noche autista de Mauricio, fue la noche en que la novia rompe a llantos ya que su mundo se caía. El novio cancela la boda del año y todos los grandes preparativos del gran evento social. Los exquisitos invitados, la prensa social y todos los que esperaban la boda fueron notificados por medio de una nota de prensa, poniendo en boca de toda la cuidad, el supuesto escándalo de la novia. Una falsa relación amorosa con un hombre casado. Esta cancelación vino con un arreglo familiar con la novia, dinero de por medio y un viaje con todo pagado para que salga no solo de la sociedad, también un pasaje de solo ida fuera del país. 
A sólo tres días después de la gran llamada telefónica de la novia a Mauricio. Laura violentamente, para evitar que la sociedad vea sus lágrimas, salió rumbo a Colombia, lejos de todo y todos. El día de su llegada, la recibió un diseñador de renombre quien se encargó de darle todo lo que la novia necesitaba en ese momento para tratar de olvidar lo que había dejado atrás.  Al día siguiente el diseñador al reconocer la belleza de la novia y su gran porte, la invita a que participe en un evento de pasarela. Después de tanta insistencia aceptó el reto y la novia radiante caminó por la pasarelas de uno de los grandes diseñadores.
Esa gran noche, la novia fue presentada a la sociedad y al mundo de las pasarelas, su belleza cautivó a muchos, especialmente a un empresario de renombre que hizo lo imposible para ir detrás de cámaras y felicitar a la sensación de la noche. El empresario de ya avanzada edad, quedó mas cautivado aún al conocer personalmente a Laura, la novia. Esa noche se atreve a invitarla a una cena. La cena se lleva a cabo. El empresario acepta el pasado de Laura, pero la belleza de Laura enamoró al empresario y la historia de la novia vuelve a salir a flote.
El empresario le ofrece matrimonio y una maravillosa vida llena de amor y mucho mas. No pasaron ni dos semanas y la novia ya estaba lista para casarse con el empresario. Por la mañana, un día  antes de la boda, la novia llena de nervios se enferma y la llevan de emergencia al hospital. Esperando que le den los resultados de sus nervios, el médico a cargo entra con un folder a un cuarto del hospital  y le revienta otra bomba a la novia. Le informa que estaba embarazada y que según sus resultados aparentemente tenía como 6 semanas y media de embarazo. Lo cual si sacamos la cuenta. El padre del nuevo ser humano que venía, tenía que ser del jet-set soltero y codiciado.  La novia, pálida como una luna llena, regresa a prepararse para su gran segunda boda. Hermosa y cubierta de un velo largo blanco, manda a llamar al empresario, pide estar a solas con el antes de entrar al altar. La bomba que le había caído a la novia hace unas horas atrás en el hospital, también se lo revienta al empresario. Moralmente la novia no pudo contenerse. Después de una larga discusión. El empresario decide casarse con la novia, le ofrece ser el padre y darle el amor que la novia se merecía. Radiante cubierta del velo blanco, entra a la pasarela de la iglesia y la novia se casa con el empresario. La gran recepción fue la envidia de todas y de todos.
Al llegar de una corta luna de miel, la novia demacrada y con ojos tristes decide después de largas horas de meditación y arrepentimientos, regresar a su país,  donde estaba su familia y criar a su bebe soltera y luchar con lo que se venga. Moralmente no pudo tener una vida amorosa con el empresario.  El corazón de la novia estaba totalmente vacío, quebrado, debilitado, y sin ver una luz a final del túnel.
Ocho meses después, la novia regresa a su país con su bebé en las manos, sola, sin un futuro claro, pero decidida a retomar su vida y afrontar con la frente en algo a todos los que trataron de maltratarla y demostrarles que nada tiene que ocultar. Encontró algunos aliados y esas fueron sus primeras herramientas para lograr su objetivo, limpiar su nombre y darle un buen camino a su bebé.  
Con la ayuda de algunos familiares, sus aliados, Mauricio y su determinación a lucharla, la novia tres años después, termina su carrera en leyes. Llevó a toda la familia sofisticada a corte y logró su objetivo: quitarles la máscara que llevaban puesta, humillarlos ante la sociedad, lograr que su bebe reciba parte de la herencia de los poderosos y que el novio codiciado, no tenga ninguna relación con el bebé. Un suflé para la prensa social y para el drama de la cuidad.
La novia hoy maneja uno de los estudios de abogados mas sofisticados y prestigiosos a nivel internacional y ha publicado tres libros de derechos de la mujer y uno sobre como el miedo y la determinación son aliados perfectos para lograr llegar a tocar la luna.

Tuesday, January 27, 2015

The Top Marketing Trends that Will Dominate in Latin America

 


By Eddy Aguilar
 
#1 RTB Will Grow Significantly
Marketers in Latin America have become increasingly aware of the major advantages involved in programmatic buying through real-time bidding (RTB) systems. As they try it out, they discover that buying an audience rather than media can deliver some impressive results. As a result, they’ll expect their media agencies (as well as interactive marketing agencies they hire for certain services) to be skilled in programmatic buying.

#2 Brands Will “Mobilize” Their Content
While smartphone and tablet penetration in Latin America are relatively low compared to more mature tech markets (e.g., 28% smartphone penetration in Mexico vs. 63% in the United States), both are growing significantly. It also stands to reason that some of the most attractive customer segments for brands are heavy users of mobile devices. As such, brands need to use responsive web design and other technology to ensure that mobile users engage with their content.

#3 Traditional Media Will Stay Strong
Despite the attention to online, mobile and social, it’s clear that marketers in Latin America value traditional media. This is reflected in ad spend allocations in both smaller and larger markets. For example, in Peru’s ad spend during 2013, TV took up 49%, newspapers took up nearly 15%, radio took up 11%, OOH took up nearly 10% and Internet, in contrast, took up 6.2%. For Mexico, the most recent available numbers for ad spend are from 2012, but they show the following: free TV took up 52%, radio took up 9%, magazines nearly 8% and online nearly 7%, barely edging out newspapers (6.84% for digital compared to 6.66% for newspapers).
Given media consumption patterns in Latin America, it makes sense to weight traditional media according to their advantage in reach and the suitability of certain types for certain purposes. While Internet will continue to make inroads and crossmedia consumption is on the rise, in 2014 we shouldn’t expect a major shift away from traditional media—and certainly nothing approaching the redistribution that’s happened in markets like the United States and Europe.

#4 Social TV Campaigns Will Increase
This new trend is another example of how offline and online strategies will come together in Latam. A 2012 study from Ericsson showed that 62% of Argentines, Brazilians and Mexicans that were surveyed engage in social TV, essentially watching TV with a mobile device and commenting on the shows via social media. In addition, a 2013 study from Google Brazil showed that 30 million Brazilians watch TV while commenting on social media and other studies have offer insights into how Brazilians use social TV. This will offer marketers an opportunity to test the trends and see if they can take advantage of Latin Americans’ love of social media, their growing mobile use and the deep penetration of free TV. To that end, marketers in Latin America will explore solutions like Shazam for branding and conversion purposes.

#5 Marketers Will Find Innovative Ways to Combine Online and Offline Tactics
A recent campaign from Aldo in Israel combined offline and online engagement, attracting people with a bell to ring in a public space, followed by an invitation to Instagram their shoes and a reward for doing so.
Latin American marketers are skilled in below the line (BTL) tactics, events and several other offline ways to engage clients. Changes in the market will dictate a change in tactics, resulting in Latin American brands playing off the growth social media and mobile with offline tactics to achieve specific goals with campaigns.

#6 Retargeting Will Become Much More CommonA number of Latin American brands have already seen for themselves how effective retargeting can be in converting customers. As companies like Triggit refine the technology that allows for Facebook retargeting and the rewards become even more evident, more Latin American companies will see to take advantage of Latin Americans’ love of social media like Facebook and their growing adoption of e-commerce.
#7 Content Marketing and Native Advertising Will Gain Ground
The idea of a publireportaje or advertorial is not new in Latin America and has been featured in print and other media in the past. However, these days content means more than a magazine article: it can be a blog post, a video or a mobile app. All of these offer ways to capture consumer attention and get them to interact with a brand or actually buy a product. Content in the form of blogs could be particularly worth experimenting with when you factor in how blogging platforms like Wordpress, Tumblr and Blogger are among the top social media sites in Latin America in terms of visitors.
Online, this branded content is often worked into the regular posts and articles from websites and is now referred to as native advertising. Newspapers like The New York Times are developing templates for native ads, and it’s likely that Latin American newspapers will follow suit as a way to increase revenue. That said, there still aren’t a ton of companies out there producing content for Latin America advertisers to use, so these approaches are more likely to emerge gradually in Latam during 2014 rather than spike dramatically.

Monday, September 22, 2014

11 facts for National Hispanic Heritage Month



National Hispanic Heritage Month began this week to celebrate Latinos and their culture and history. Started as Hispanic Heritage Week in 1968 by President Lyndon Johnson, it was expanded to a month by President Ronald Reagan and enacted into law in 1988. Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica celebrated their independence days Monday followed by Mexico today and Chile on Thursday.

Here are 11 facts that look at Latinos in the U.S. by age, geography and origin groups.
  1. The U.S. Hispanic population now stands at over 54.1 million, making them the nation’s second-largest racial or ethnic group. Today Hispanics make up 17% of the U.S. population, up from 5% in 1970.
  2. People of Mexican origin account for two-thirds (34 million) of the nation’s Latinos. Those of Puerto Rican origin are the next largest group at 4.9 million (with another 3.5 million on the island of Puerto Rico). There are five other Hispanic origin groups with more than 1 million people each: Cubans, Salvadorans, Dominicans, Guatemalans and Colombians.
  3. There is diversity among Latino origin groups in major metro areas. Mexicans make up 78% of Latinos in the Los Angeles area but, in the New York City area, Puerto Ricans (28%) and Dominicans (21%) are the largest groups. Meanwhile, Salvadorans (32%) are most numerous in the Washington, D.C., metro area, and Cubans (54%) are the largest group in Miami.
  4. The share foreign born among Hispanics varies by origin group. Just one-third (34%) of Mexican-origin Hispanics are foreign born. That’s far lower than among the other major groups – Cuban (56% foreign born), Salvadoran (60%), Dominican (56%), Guatemalan (65%) and Colombian (63%). (Most Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens at birth.)
  5. As the population of U.S.-born Latinos booms and the arrival of new immigrants slows, the share of Hispanics who are immigrants — as opposed to those who are born here — is on the decline. From 2007 to 2012, the number of Latino immigrants increased slightly, from 18 million to 18.8 million. But they constituted a smaller overall share of the Latino population — decreasing from 40% to 36% over the same time period.
  6. Latinos are the youngest of the major racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. At 27 years, the median age of Latinos is a full decade lower than that of the U.S. overall (37 years). Among Latinos, there is a big difference in median age between the U.S.-born (18 years) and foreign-born (40 years).
  7. The number of young Latinos has rapidly increased. From 1993 to 2013, the number of Latinos younger than 18 in the U.S. more than doubled (107% increase), compared with an 11% increase among the general U.S. population younger than 18, according to Census Bureau data. In any given year, more than 800,000 young Latinos turn 18.
  8. Latinos make up the largest group of immigrants in most states, mostly because Mexico is the biggest source of immigrants in 33 states. In some states, though, other Hispanic groups are the largest: El Salvador is the top country of birth among immigrants in Virginia and Maryland, the Dominican Republic leads in New York and Rhode Island and Cuba is the top place of birth for immigrants in Florida.
  9. A majority of Latino adults (55%) say they are Catholic, while 16% are evangelical Protestants and 5% are mainline Protestants. The share who say they are Catholic has declined from 67% in 2010. Mexicans and Dominicans are more likely than other Hispanic origin groups to say they are Catholic. Meanwhile, Salvadorans are more likely to say they are evangelical Protestants than Mexicans, Cubans and Dominicans.
  10. A record 25.2 million Hispanics are eligible to vote in 2014, up from 21.3 million in 2010. But during the last midterm election, the voter turnout rate of Hispanics (31%) lagged behind whites (49%) and blacks (44%).
  11. More than 35 million Latinos speak Spanish at home. About 38% say Spanish is their dominant language, compared with 25% who are English-dominant and 36% who are bilingual, according to the Pew Research Center’s 2013 National Survey of Latinos.
Pew Research Center

Monday, September 8, 2014

So long Joan


by Eddy Aguilar Saba

When I moved to the states permanently, I was only 16 years old. A tiny little baby, an unknown, an innocent little bird, learning how to fly. And, indeed, I was flying all over Los Angeles, where I established my first nest.

A friend, Sean, from my first college the Pasadena City College, was my first friend whom at the time invited me to go see a, not so unknown, stand up comedian called Joan Rivers. She was going to perform at the local Pasadena city Park, a yearly event that takes place up until now. And yes, to go see her back then was for free.

I clearly recall everyone sitting on the grass facing the park auditorium. A crowd of all ages. Everyone was laughing out of their lungs. Non-stop, for about one hour and a half laugh, laugh, laugh. Back then, I was a Peruvian kid with a very broken English. I had no idea what Joan Rivers was saying. But I was laughing. Her outfit, her face, her movements, her eyes, her hair and the fact that she was all over the auditorium, was just hilarious. The name of that energy at that park I called it now “just laugh”.

Since then, I have followed Joan Rivers career. I admire courage in people. And yes, she had courage.

A remarkable career I will never forget.

So long Joan.

Wednesday, September 3, 2014

New Hispanic Trends



After four decades of Hispanic rapid growth , the number of Latino immigrants in the U.S. reached a record 18.8 million in 2010, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data. Since 2000, the U.S.-born Latino population continued to grow at a faster rate than the immigrant population. 
Among Hispanic adults in 2012, 49.8% were born in another country, down from a peak of 55% in 2007. Among all Hispanics, the share foreign-born was 35.5% in 2012, down from about 40% earlier in the 2000s.
The slowdown in growth of the Hispanic foreign-born population coincides with a decline in Mexican migration to the U.S. Today, about as many people from Mexico are leaving the U.S. as entering, after four decades of explosive growth. Many factors have played a role in this trend, including the U.S. economic downturn, stepped-up border enforcement, growing dangers associated with illegal border crossings and demographic and economic changes in Mexico.


Key findings from the statistical portrait of U.S. Hispanics include:

Marriage and living arrangements

  • Between 2000 and 2012, the percentage of Hispanics ages 18 and older who have never married increased from 29% to 37%. Meanwhile, the percentage that is currently married has declined from 55% to 46%. The share of Hispanics living in households led by married couples has also declined since 2000, from 65% to 57%.
  • The percentage of Hispanic-headed family households with five or more people has declined since 2000, falling from 31% to 26% in 2012. There has been an increase in two-person households, from 24% in 2000 to 28% in 2012.

Population by geography

  • The top five states by Hispanic population in 2012 are: California (14.5 million), Texas (10 million), Florida (4.5 million), New York (3.6 million) and Illinois (2.1 million).
  • Between 2000 and 2012, the five states with the fastest-growing Hispanic populations were: Tennessee (up 163%), South Carolina (161%), Alabama (157%), Kentucky (135%) and South Dakota (132%).
  • The five states where Hispanics make up the biggest share of the population in 2012 are: New Mexico (47%), California (38%), Texas (38%), Arizona (30%) and Nevada (27%).

Spanish use at home and English proficiency

  • About 12.3 million Hispanics ages 5 and older (26%) speak English at home exclusively. That share is 39% among the U.S. born and 4% among the foreign born.
  • Some 35.5 million Latinos ages 5 and older (74%) say they speak a language other than English at home, whether or not they also speak English at home. Among them, 35.3 million say the other language they speak is Spanish.
  • Among Hispanics (ages 5 and older) who speak a language other than English at home, 56% report speaking English very well.
  • One-third of all Hispanics (33%) say they do not speak English very well.
  • Among immigrant Latinos, a language gap exists between children and adults. Some 70% of immigrant children between ages 5 and 17 say they speak only English or speak English very well. By comparison, just 32% of immigrant adults say they speak only English or speak English very well

Wednesday, April 23, 2014

Don't 'Es-stress' Over Spanglish.


As readers, booksellers and academics gather Wednesday onWorld Book Day to celebrate words and language, there is an interesting transatlantic tiff over the use of Spanglish - the mixing of English and Spanish often used among U.S. Latinos when they are hangiando (hanging) together.
In a tongue in cheek yet telling open letter to Spain's language arbiter, the Real Academia Española (Royal Spanish Academy), a group of professors, journalists, translators, editors and even Mexican actor Gael García Bernal recently denounced the Academy's plans to define Spanglish as a mode of speech that “deforms” elements of Spanish and English vocabulary and grammar. The definition will appear in an upcoming edition of the Academy's dictionary.
The letter signers, who do not see Spanglish as a deformation, wrote that the Academy showed a "pathetic incapacity" to take into account the benefits and the social and linguistic nuances inherent in Spanglish.
Spanglish is a reflection of how immigrants here in the U.S. have defined and then redefined their identities.
Many of the Spanglish 'defenders' who signed the letter live in the U.S, where these words have been used for generations. Words include la marketa (English word is market and Spanish is mercado) or la boila (boiler in Engish, caldera or calentador in Spanish).
The tension between language purists and those who look at the lighter side of language is nothing new. But for language experts like Ilan Stavans, a Jewish Mexican professor of Latin American and Latino culture at Amherst College, Spanglish is a reflection of how immigrants here in the U.S. have defined and then redefined their identities.
Image:ALVARO BARRIENTOS / AP
A man looks at books during International Book Day, in Pamplona northern Spain on Wednesday, April 23, 2014.
“Spanish language in Spain, and in fact all over the Americas has been the product of a ‘mestizaje,’ a transformation, that has been enriched by the words of the aboriginal languages that have made it back to Spain,” said Stavans in a phone interview from his home in Massachusetts.
Spanish itself has added words from other languages. An example of this canoa (canoe) which came from the Arawak Indians in the Caribbean, Stavans added.
While some may see Spanglish as a deformed Frankenstein experiment, others say it is an example of how immigrants who live between two or more cultures try to conserve their values, even when they can’t avoid changing over time.
"Immigration is not a one way street… to a certain extent, immigrants never leave home, at least in their imagination and psyche, and particularly in the United States, where immigrants are enabled and ennobled with the idea of keeping their roots and stressing their [hyphenated] identity,” said Stavans.
Stavans is at work translating the ultimate Spanish-language novel into Spanglish four centuries after it was first published.
“In un placete de la Mancha of which nombre no quieroremembrearme,” begins the Spanglish translation of "Don Quixote," which will be published in 2015. For the first time, bilingual Latino readers will appreciate the mock adventures of the errant knight who tilted at windmills through a nuanced translation that reflects their hyphenated Spanish-English culture.
The Spanish-language masterpiece "Don Quixote" is being translated into Spanglish.
Next year will be the 400th anniversary of the second volume of "Don Quixote". Stavans will publish a cultural history about Cervantes’ masterpiece named "Quixote: The Many Lives and Implausible Adventures of the World’s Most Popular Novel" (Norton, 2015). He will also publish a comic book edition of "Don Quixote's" first chapter in 15 languages, including French, English, Hebrew, Chinese, and Klingon—the fictional extraterrestrial language from Star Trek. For him, language is a living, adaptable experience.
And for those who worry Spanglish is a threat to the purity of the Spanish language, the group who does not think Spanglish is a deformity would perhaps tell them to tey kirisi (take it easy) and avoid getting es-stressed, (stressed), two of Stavans' favorite terms.

Wednesday, April 2, 2014

No mas humos.


Mientras llegaba a casa después de un día largo de trabajo, pero más que largo, un día lleno de dudas, de pensamientos antiguos que sólo te llevan a sentirte frágil, pensamientos que te hacen sentir sin la corona. Decidí sentarme en el balcón y mirar el horizonte. Mientras observaba la grandeza del mundo, entró en mi cerebro un tema que lo he puesto en espera por mucho tiempo. La pregunta vino a mi mente veloz, con furia, con tristeza, sin compasión y con un vacío que sólo yo podría llenar.

 ¿Quien realmente soy y que busco, hacia donde voy y que espero de mi? Llegó el preciso momento de juzgarme. Que mejor momento que ahora, ahora que cumplo un año mas de estar vivo  en este mundo lleno de humos. Que mejor momento ahora que he pasado vivo mas de la mitad de mi vida. Ahora me toca mirarme al espejo y sin miedo hablarme, contarme, compartirme todo lo que se, todo lo que no he puedo expresar, todo mis miedos, y claro porque no también, todo lo bueno que hay en mi. La he pasado hablando conmigo más de lo que me esperaba y me he reído mucho. Me he contado muchas cosas, me he visto bien, me he visto con ojos maduros, con mente grande y me vuelto a poner de pie. 
Ahora que veo el horizonte otra vez, lo veo más grande. La vista no tiene limites. Arriba me siento.

El silencio es el mejor regalo que dios me dado, sin duda. Ahora que el silencio ha hablado, tengo la certeza que mi vida a cambiado. Que el muro de Berlín que tenía al frente lo he derrumbado en 2 minutos, y he logrado dar varios pasos adelante. Ahora recién después de tanto tiempo, me toca correr solo unas cuantas millas más y listo. El momento llegó, no más humos.

  El Niño Por Eddy Aguilar Saba   Un día desperté y me escondí debajo de la cama hasta tarde, cuando dejé de escuchar voces, salí de mi ...